The process by which a plant emerges from a seed. Requires the right combination of moisture, temperature, and (for some seeds) light. Germination rate is the percentage of seeds that successfully germinate.
Germination is the exciting moment when your seed's embryo activates and begins developing into a plant. This process starts when moisture penetrates the seed coat, activating enzymes that break down stored nutrients. Temperature is crucial—most Australian seeds germinate best between 15-25°C, though tropical varieties prefer warmer conditions. In tropical zones (1-3), germination occurs year-round, while temperate gardeners (7-9) should time sowing in spring (September-November) for optimal results.
Different seeds have different requirements. Some need light to germinate and should be sown on soil surface, while others prefer darkness and should be covered. Hardy Australian natives like wattles often need stratification (cold treatment) or scarification (seed coat scratching) to germinate successfully. You can source quality seeds from Bunnings or specialist native nurseries, and most packets provide specific germination instructions.
Indoors, use quality seed-raising mix available at Bunnings—avoid garden soil as it compacts. Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, and maintain warmth using a seedling heat mat if needed. Germination typically takes 7-21 days depending on species. Once seedlings emerge, provide bright light immediately to prevent leggy, weak growth. Outdoor sowing in autumn or spring leverages natural temperature fluctuations that promote germination in many Australian natives.