A local atmospheric zone with conditions that differ from the surrounding area. Garden microclimates are created by walls (warmth), trees (shade/wind protection), bodies of water (humidity), and topography (frost pockets, elevated positions).
Microclimates exist in every garden across Australia, regardless of your climate zone. They're created by factors such as building structures, fences, trees, water bodies, soil type and aspect. For example, the north-facing side of a brick wall in Melbourne absorbs heat and creates a warmer microclimate suitable for tender plants, while a south-facing sheltered corner in Sydney stays cooler and moister. In tropical regions, shade beneath large trees creates cooler microclimates ideal for plants that struggle in direct sun. Understanding your property's microclimates allows you to extend your growing season and cultivate plants outside their typical hardiness range. You might plant frost-sensitive species in the warmest spots and shade-loving plants under trees. Assess microclimates by observing sun exposure throughout the day, checking soil moisture retention, and noting wind patterns. In winter (Jun-Aug), frost-prone hollows collect cold air, whilst elevated positions drain cold air away. You can modify microclimates by installing structures, adding mulch to retain warmth, or planting windbreaks. Visit your local Bunnings for materials to create beneficial microclimates in your garden.